Newton’s three laws of motion

Sir Isaac Newton was a physicist and mathematician from the 17th century. He is famous, among other things, for his laws of motion. These laws explain why objects move (or don’t move) as they do.

First law:
Newton's first law, also known as the law of inertia, states that every object in motion or at rest remains in that state unless an unbalanced force is applied to it.
The following video from ESA (European Space Agency) explains very clearly this law:




Second law:
Newton's second law states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object times its acceleration. As the force acting upon an object is increased, the acceleration of the object is increased.

F=m·a


Watch this second video, also from ESA, to better understand the second law:

Watch this second video, also from ESA, to better understand the second law:



Third law:
This law is also known as the "action-reaction law". It says that all forces in the universe occur in equal but oppositely directed pairs. There are no isolated forces: when one body exerts a force on a second body (action), the second body simultaneously exerts a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on the first body (reaction).

Our students from the 4th year of ESO have produced this great video that illustrates the third law with an everyday event.

Enjoy it!

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Visualizing DNA

In this experience we have been able to see DNA with a naked eye, i.e, without any kind of instrument. Even though, the quantity of DNA it has not been very high, at the end of the experiment we have got a whitish mass, the DNA from the cells of our buccal mucose, obtained simply rising mouth out.

As you can see in the video, we use different everyday products so as to break the membranes and let the exit of DNA from the nucleous of cells.

It is very easy! you can do it even at home!

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ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

Alumnat primer ESO

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How is the Earth represented?

The pupils of 1r course explain the ways of representing the Earth and show how people orientate theirselves.

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The 13 colonies and the 3 branches of the US government

As an introduction the pupils of 4t course talk about the foundation of the USA and its Constitution. Then, they interpret some dialogues about the composition of the power of the USA.

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Taling about nuclear plants

Tercer ESO

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Torricelli's barometric experiment

• Watch the video:

• Go to Museo Galileo to download video and audio

 

•   Listen the audio and read:

  (Text from Museo Galileo)

 Torricelli performed his celebrated experiment on argento vivo [quicksilver, i.e., mercury], in Florence in spring 1644. Torricelli filled a glass tube, open at one end, with mercury. Then, closing off the open end with a finger, he tipped the tube upside down and lowered it into a basin containing more mercury. He observed that the column of mercury descended only partially, stopping at a height of around 76 cm. Torricelli was convinced that the space created by the descent of the mercury in the tube was empty, and that the force holding up the column consisted of the pressure exerted by the air on the mercury in the basin. In a letter to Michelangelo Ricci of June 11, 1644, Torricelli declared that his experiment proved two fundamental concepts: first, that Nature did not abhor the void; second, that the air had weight. The results of the mercury experiment opened a period of revolutionary change, forcing a re-examination of doctrines accepted for centuries.

•  Observe the picture and learn

http://www.old-pz.gse.harvard.edu/ucp/curriculum/pressure/s1_lesson2_lessonplan.htm

• Explain the experiment

 

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Periods – What are they? (Menstrual cycle)

This activity is the last part of a project, called “Women, hormones and applications”.

We introduced the topic with a text about the menstrual cycle and some hormones. This task is extended with a video where more hormones are mentioned. We talked about them and answered some questions.

Finally, the students have to elaborate their project, a triptych about one contraceptive method (either hormonal or non-hormonal) in order to show it to the rest of the class, as you can see in this link.

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Ancient Egypt society

Read

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Cell organelles

• Listen the cells songs

Living cells are divided into two types - procaryotic and eucaryotic

Eucaryotic Cell

ANIMAL CELL

PLANT CELL

• Go to Eucaryotic Cell Interactive Animation 
• Look and learn cell organelles
• Watch the following video to know more about cell organelles 

Now, in groups of three, make your own model and show it to your classmates.

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Spaguetti tower: a race against the clock

Learning Goals:

• Engineering for structural strength
• Creative problem solving
• Determining variables and controlling them
• Team work
• Time management

 Learning outcomes

• Some shapes and materials are stronger than others.
• Weak materials can be made stronger with good design techniques.
• Distribution of mass is an important consideration when building structures.

Process

1.-Before

• Have a look at some famous towers
• Have a look at some of these crazy structures

The architects and engineers have to design it carefully so that it is safe and ful ls the required purpose.

• Read the instructions: "A race against the clock".
• Read the hints and tips below
  
• Practice.
• In your groups sketch, discuss and try ideas.

A race against the clock:

• You will be given a limited supplies of materials materials and set the challenge of building as high a tower as you can in a limited time: 30 minutes
• Materials: spaguetti (50 g/ team) and marshmallows (25 g/team).

The spaghetti provides the framework and support for the tower and mini marshmallows are used to make the connectors. Pieces of spaguetti may be broken into desired lenghts.

• Team size: three.
•  Rules:

          1. Only the materials provided may be used.

          2. The highest tower at the end of the class will be the winner.
          3.Once time is called a full minute will be waited before teacher measures height. This is to ensure tower stability.

          4. The judge's decision in all matters is final!

 Hints and Tips

• There will be most strain on the base of the tower – think about how you can add strength here.
• The more the marshmallow can grip the spaghetti, the stronger the joint.
• If you don’t use pieces of equal length on each side, your tower may start to twist and topple
• Use shorter pieces of spaghetti or put in braces to strengthen squares and rectangles in your structure. 

2.-The challenge and the winning  

3.- Afterwards

Discussion

• What was the biggest challenge you faced? How did you overcome it?
• What things put a limit on how tall your tower could be?
• How do you think you worked as a group? Did you assume different roles?

Conclusion

• What building techniques make the tower stronger?
• Does the size of the base alter the strength of the tower?
• Does the placing of the marshmallows affect the strength of the tower?

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How to make a compass

Alumnat de sisè aprèn a fer una bruixóla amb estris casolans, activitat realitzada dintre de l'àrea de medi en anglès.

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El tifó Hayan

Dintre del projecte plurilingüe que s'ha iniciat aquest curs en l'Institut Escola Daniel Mangrané, es realitzen activitats en les quals el nostres companys han de cercar informació i elaborar textos tant en català com en anglès. És per això que a Naturals de 1r han investigat el tifó Hayan de Filipines i han elaborat un text informatiu en les dos llengües.

Mireu el vídeo que hi ha en el següent enllaç
http://www.tv3.cat/videos/4757075/Un-tifo-a-Filipines

El tifó Hayan o Yolanda, es va començar a veure el dia 2 de novembre de 2013. Aquell dia tenia poca pressió però el van anar seguint poc a poc fins que el dia 6 de novembre ja es va considerar un súper tifó. La intensitat del vent va arribar a 315 km/h. El tifó va arrassar certes zones de Filipines. Més o menys, calculen que hi ha més de 5000 morts aproximadament i que encara hi ha moltes persones desaparegudes. La ciutat de Tacloban ( Leyte) és una de les més afectades. A la ciutat de Guiuan totes les teulades de les cases van ser arrancades, una ciutat de 45000 habitant aproximadament. Part del seu hospital va ser destruït i es van quedar sense mitjans electrònics per poder atendre a les persones. Els morts es trobaven pel carrer. Hi havia perill d'infeccions, epidèmies... L'ajuda internacional va tardar uns dies en arribar i la gent estava sesnse aigua, menjar, electricitat, sense cases...El passat dia 16 de novembre, una dona que tenia un petit comerç no va poder evitar que la gent robés tot el que tenia, sol hi van quedar els estants, com si un petit tifó hagués arrasat el seu negoci.

The Philiippines typhoon

On 10th of November the typhoon Hayan passed through the Philippines Islands with winds of more than 300km/h. There have been more than 5000 dead people.
It destroyed entire villages and cities. There are thousands of sunk entire houses, roads have been cut, and many towns have suffered power and water cut off.
A typhoon or tropical cyclone is a violent storm, they are formed in on the sea and cause very strong winds with speeds of more than 120km/h. It also causes very violent rains and increase the level of the sea, like the Caribbean hurricanes.

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Density

A definition of density

Practiquem amb el simulador de densitat http://phet.colorado.edu/

Main Topics

Density
Mass
Volume

Sample Learning Goals

• Describe how the concept of density relates to an object's mass and volume.
• Explain how objects of similar mass can have differing volume, and how objects of similar volume can have differing mass.
• Explain why changing an object's mass or volume does not affect its density (ie, understand density as an intensive property).
• Measure the volume of an object by observing the amount of fluid it displaces.
• Identify an unknown material by calculating its density and comparing to a table of known densities.

Click to Run

Tips for Teachers
The teacher's guide (pdf) contains tips created by the PhET team.

Per saber-ne més sobre la densitat
http://encyclopedia.kids.net.au/page/de/Density

I ara un divertit experiment molt curiós que podeu realitzar a casa

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Density of irregular objects

L'alumnat de primer d'ESO ha realitzat un experiment al laboratori amb l'objectiu de calcular la densitat de tres objecte irregulars. Aquest experiment l'han fet en anglès, ja que forma part dels continguts curriculars que es donen en llengua estrangera, dintre del GEP (grup experimental plurilingüe) que està duent a terme el centre.

El treball l'han fet per grups, cada grup havia d'esbrinar la densitats de tres coses diferents que se'ls havia facilitat.

Prèviament s'ha treballat el concepte de densitat, recursos.

Per fer-ho han seguit el següent  guió que els indicava els passos a seguir.

En el següent vídeo ens ho expliquen i també podem veure com ho fan.

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The water cycle

Observem el diagrama del cicle de l'aigua




 

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